The observed gene-by-environment pattern supports the diathesis-stress model over the bioecological model of G × E interaction on reading, in this sample of unrelated children¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? When parental education and SES were low, there was a strong relationship between RU2-Short and reading performance, which the authors state supports the diathesis-stress model. → Li 2024

Evidence¶

Li 2024¶

Li, M., DeMille, M. M. C., Lovett, M. W., Bosson-Heenan, J., Frijters, J. C., Gruen, J. R. & the GRaD Study Consortium. (2024). Phonological awareness mediates the relationship between DCDC2 and reading performance with home environment. npj Science of Learning 9, 36. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00247-5

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Authors' interpretation (Discussion) of the moderated mediation results; the article notes this contrasts with Friend et al.'s twin-study findings, which the authors attribute to their use of unrelated children rather than twins.

"When parental education and SES were low, there was a strong relationship between RU2-Short and reading performance. This supports thediathesis-stress model51,52,i nw h i c h the heritability for reading is greater in a high-stress environment where stressors may lead to expression of risk genes."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• A positive G×E interaction between the education PGS and SES indicates a favorable SES environment enhances the effect of offspring genome — related
• The indirect effect of RU2-Short on reading outcomes through phonological awareness is conditional on home environment: significant at low and medium parental education and low SES, but not at high parental education or high SES — related
• SES does not moderate genetic, shared, or nonshared environmental variance in four-year-olds' learning motivation — related
• Parental education and SES moderate the relationship between RU2-Short and reading outcomes — related
• RU2-Short correlates negatively with phonological awareness and reading comprehension, and positively with SES, in the overall sample — related