Early-grade retention rose after the policy, and roughly 20 percent of first and second graders who were retained experienced a second retention in third grade¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2000 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Retention in kindergarten through second grade started rising in 1996 and continued, possibly an unanticipated effect making schools more inclined to retain students in grades not affected by the policy. → Roderick 2000 q2 i? In 1999, 33 percent of included third graders who had been retained in second grade the year before were retained again; double retention by third grade means students cannot graduate from eighth grade on schedule. → Roderick 2000 (2)

Evidence¶

Roderick 2000¶

Roderick, M., Nagaoka, J., Bacon, J., & Easton, J. Q. (2000). Update: Ending Social Promotion: Passing, Retention, and Achievement Trends Among Promoted and Retained Students 1995-1999. Consortium on Chicago School Research. https://www.consortium-chicago.org

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Trend analysis of early-grade retention (Figure 7), 1992-1999. The brief states an unanticipated effect of the policy might be that teachers and schools are becoming more inclined to retain students in grades not affected by the policy.

"The proportion of students who are retained in kin- dergarten through second grade started to rise in 1996 and has continued to do so"

Roderick 2000 (2)¶

Roderick, M., Nagaoka, J., Bacon, J., & Easton, J. Q. (2000). Update: Ending Social Promotion: Passing, Retention, and Achievement Trends Among Promoted and Retained Students 1995-1999. Consortium on Chicago School Research. https://www.consortium-chicago.org

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Tracking of early-grade retainees reaching the third-grade gate. Many were excluded or had left: of 1,398 second graders retained in 1997, only 55 percent were included under the policy by spring 1999. The brief calls the double-retention trend troubling.

"In 1999, 33 percent of third graders who had been re- tained the year before, in second grade, and were included under the policy were retained again."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Retained students struggled in their second time through the promotional policy, with only about half meeting cutoffs and eighth graders doing worst — related
• Eighth-grade retention rates surged from under 2 percent prepolicy to 8.3 percent in the first policy year, peaking at 11.1 percent — related
• Waivers promoted about one-third of third graders and 40% of sixth and eighth graders who failed the 1997 promotional criteria, keeping retention rates well below failure rates — related
• Fewer than 60 percent of retained third and sixth graders in 1998 and 1999 raised their test scores to the promotional cutoff even with an extra January chance to pass — related