Gaze outcome measures showed the highest relative rates of positive EMME effects among the outcome categories reviewed¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r3 · q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Across the three gaze outcome measures (performance gaze, immediate learning gaze, delayed learning gaze), positive effects were relatively more frequent than for score or time-on-task measures, and no negative effects were reported for gaze measures. → Emhardt 2023

Evidence¶

Emhardt 2023¶

Emhardt, S. N., Kok, E., van Gog, T., Brandt-Gruwel, S., van Marlen, T., & Jarodzka, H. (2023). Visualizing a Task Performer's Gaze to Foster Observers' Performance and Learning—a Systematic Literature Review on Eye Movement Modeling Examples. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09731-7

q2 · i? · review · r3

Synthesis of coded outcomes across the 78 experiments in the review's RQ3 analysis; the review states that "The three gaze outcome measures showed the highest relative rates of positive EMME effects" and that negative effects were not reported for gaze measures.

"The three gaze outcome measures showed the highest relative rates of positive EMME effects."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• EMME study designs vary widely: most experiments added information, used dynamic scan-path visualizations, and over half did not report how eye movement data were processed — related
• Most EMME experiments that measured immediate learning scores reported at least one positive effect of gaze visualization on immediate learning — related
• Prior knowledge may moderate EMME effectiveness, but support for novices benefiting more is inconsistent across studies — related