Girls show early EF and ToM advantages, but the EF advantage diminishes with age while the ToM advantage persists¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2014 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Girls outperformed boys on EF at age 3 (β = −.16, p = .02) with only marginal advantage at 4 and none at 5, but continued to outperform boys on ToM at ages 4 and 5. → Marcovitch S. 2014

Evidence¶

Marcovitch S. 2014¶

Marcovitch S., O'Brien M., Calkins S. D., Leerkes E. M., Weaver J. M., Levine D. W. (2014). A Longitudinal Assessment of the Relation between Executive Function and Theory of Mind at 3, 4, and 5 Years. Cognitive Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2014.07.001

q3 · i? · associational · r3

Control-variable analyses in the latent variable model of the 226-child sample. On EF, girls' advantage was β = −.16, p = .02 at age 3, marginal at 4 (B = −.48, p = .06), and not significant at 5 (B = −.27, p = .11).

"girls outperformed boys at age 3 (β = −.24, p = .01), and tests of indirect effects revealed that girls continued to outperform boys in ToM at age 4 (B = −.37, p = .02) and age 5 (B = −.29, p = .01)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The developmental precedence of EF over ToM persists from 4 to 5 years of age — related
• Boys received more process praise and scored higher in 4th grade math than girls in this sample — related
• Family income-to-needs at age 3 predicts both EF and ToM through age 5 — related
• Girls showed more SRL strategic behaviours than boys but did not outperform boys on task performance; child age correlated with metacognitive, motivational behaviours and performance — related