Grade level and repetition spacing interact significantly in children's free recall¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 1984 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? A mixed ANOVA on grade level (first-grade vs. preschool) and spacing (massed vs. spaced) found a significant interaction. → Thomas C. Toppino and William DiGeorge 1984
Evidence¶
Thomas C. Toppino and William DiGeorge 1984¶
Thomas C. Toppino and William DiGeorge. (1984). The spacing effect in free recall emerges with development. Memory & Cognition, 12(2), 118-122. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The+spacing+effect+in+free+recall+emerges+with+development+Memory+%26+Cognition+1984
q3 · i? · causal · r2
A reported footnote analysis of Experiment 2 data found the grade-level by spacing variables "interacted si~ nificantly" (F = 4.65, p < .05), corroborating the planned comparisons showing a spacing effect in first-graders but not preschoolers.
"A 2 x 2 mixed analysis of variance involving grade leve (first-grade vs. preschool) and the spacing between repetition (massed vs, spaced) indicated that these variables interacted si~ nificantly [F(1,34) =4.65, MSe = 365.60, p < .05]"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- First-grade children show the typical spacing effect in free recall with the same picture procedures — related
- Preschool children do not exhibit a spacing effect in free recall, although they benefit from repetition — related
- A rehearsal-based deficient-processing account cannot explain the developmental emergence of the spacing effect — related
- Preschool children benefit from repetition in free recall, recalling repeated pictures better than once-presented ones — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
grade-by-spacing-interaction-free-recall |
title |
Grade level and repetition spacing interact significantly in children's free recall |
description |
Grade level and repetition spacing interact significantly in children's free recall |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
1984 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-16 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — thomas-c-toppino-and-william-digeorge-1984 |
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