Preschool children benefit from repetition in free recall, recalling repeated pictures better than once-presented ones¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 1984 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Preschoolers recalled repeated items better than once-presented items in Experiment 2. → Thomas C. Toppino and William DiGeorge 1984
Evidence¶
Thomas C. Toppino and William DiGeorge 1984¶
Thomas C. Toppino and William DiGeorge. (1984). The spacing effect in free recall emerges with development. Memory & Cognition, 12(2), 118-122. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The+spacing+effect+in+free+recall+emerges+with+development+Memory+%26+Cognition+1984
q3 · i? · causal · r2
Planned comparisons in Experiment 2 (18 nursery-school children, within-subjects presentation condition) showed "repeated items were recalled better than once-presented items" (F = 10.02, p < .01), with means of 34.7% for massed and 32.0% for spaced repetitions versus 13.9% for once-presented items.
"For preschool children, repeated items were recalled better than once-presented items [F(l,34) = 10.02, p < .01]"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Preschool children do not exhibit a spacing effect in free recall, although they benefit from repetition — related
- Preschoolers' recall of repeated items exceeds the maximum predicted by encoding variability theories assuming independent encodings — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
- Learners accurately judge that twice-presented items are more likely to be recalled than once-presented items — related
- A rehearsal-based deficient-processing account cannot explain the developmental emergence of the spacing effect — related
- First-grade children show the typical spacing effect in free recall with the same picture procedures — related
- Grade level and repetition spacing interact significantly in children's free recall — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
preschoolers-benefit-from-repetition-free-recall |
title |
Preschool children benefit from repetition in free recall, recalling repeated pictures better than once-presented ones |
description |
Preschool children benefit from repetition in free recall, recalling repeated pictures better than once-presented ones |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
1984 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-16 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — thomas-c-toppino-and-william-digeorge-1984 |
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