Effect sizes for gender differences in L2 achievement are highly heterogeneous across studies (I² = 89.82%)¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesisr3·q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? The pooled gender effect is accompanied by statistically significant, very high heterogeneity, indicating the true effect varies considerably across studies. → Chen 2026
Evidence¶
Chen 2026¶
Chen, X., Zhou, Z., & Padilla, A. M. (2026). Do Females Outperform Males on Second/Foreign Language (L2) Achievement? A Meta-Analytical Review across Three Decades. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-10092-6
q3 · i? · quant-synthesis · r3
Heterogeneity test within the same three-level random-effects meta-analysis. The article reports "Q (136) = 1336.80" and I² = 89.82%, attributing about 90% of variability to true heterogeneity rather than random error.
"The result of the Q statistic suggested that statistically significant heterogeneity existed for the effect sizes, with Q (136) = 1336.80 (p < 0.0001)."
Discussion¶
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Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
high-heterogeneity-l2-gender-effect-sizes |
title |
Effect sizes for gender differences in L2 achievement are highly heterogeneous across studies (I² = 89.82%) |
description |
Effect sizes for gender differences in L2 achievement are highly heterogeneous across studies (I² = 89.82%) |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2026 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-22 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — chen-2026 |
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