Heritage learners of Portuguese perceive listening as the easiest of the four skills, while non-heritage learners find it as challenging as other skills¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr1·q2
Currency · newest study 2015 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Evidence quality · No study behind this claim is a peer-reviewed article with a DOI: it rests on a source with no registered publication record (a web page, book or unpublished report). It is kept because a design page cites it; treat it as a lead to check, not an established finding.
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? HLLs perceived listening as the easiest skill among listening, speaking, reading and writing; NHLLs rated listening as challenging as writing and almost as demanding as speaking. → Denise Santos & Gláucia Silva 2015
Evidence¶
Denise Santos & Gláucia Silva 2015¶
Denise Santos & Gláucia Silva. (2015). Exploring Portuguese Heritage and Non-Heritage Learners' Perceptions of and Performance in Listening. The Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 18(1), 63-86. https://journals.sfu.ca/cjal/index.php/cjal
q2 · i? · associational · r1
Questionnaire ratings on a 4-point difficulty scale from 12 HLLs and 11 NHLLs in two fourth-semester Portuguese classes, coded 1-4 with frequencies calculated. The study found HLLs perceived listening as "the easiest among the four skills surveyed" while NHLLs did not.
"Analysis of the questionnaire data revealed that HLLs perceived listening as being the easiest among the four skills surveyed. For the NHLLs in our sample, however, listening was believed to be as challenging as writing, and almost as demanding as speaking."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Heritage and non-heritage learners perceive textbook listening activities in reversed ways: no HLL found them difficult and no NHLL found them easy — related
- Heritage learners scored only slightly higher than non-heritage learners on listening tasks, with no statistically significant group difference — related
- Successful and unsuccessful listening performance in this study is associated with learners' strategic behaviour rather than with heritage or non-heritage status — related
- Listening is the most frequently used of the four language skills, consuming the largest share of communication time — related
- All participants believed heritage learners perform better in classroom listening, but dialectal differences posed difficulties for HLLs that NHLLs did not notice — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
hlls-rate-listening-easiest-nhlls-challenging |
title |
Heritage learners of Portuguese perceive listening as the easiest of the four skills, while non-heritage learners find it as challenging as other skills |
description |
Heritage learners of Portuguese perceive listening as the easiest of the four skills, while non-heritage learners find it as challenging as other skills |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2015 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-09-27 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — denise-santos-gláucia-silva-2015 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.