Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher enjoyment than students taking the same trip as a 2D video¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr?·q3·i3large
Currency · newest study 2022 · checked against its sources 2026-10-22 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i3 The HMD group reported significantly higher enjoyment than the 2D video group (d = 1.10). → Guido Makransky · Richard E. Mayer 2022
Evidence¶
Guido Makransky · Richard E. Mayer 2022¶
Guido Makransky · Richard E. Mayer. (2022). Benefits of Taking a Virtual Field Trip in Immersive Virtual Reality: Evidence for the Immersion Principle in Multimedia Learning. Educational Psychology Review (2022) 34:1771–1798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-022-09675-4
q3 · i3 · causal · r?
Independent-samples t-test (Hypothesis 2) in the same between-subjects media-comparison experiment. The "HMD group (M = 4.65, SD = 0.63) reported significantly higher enjoyment than the video group", d = 1.10, a large effect.
"the HMD group (M = 4.65, SD = 0.63) reported significantly higher enjoyment than the video group (M = 3.58, SD = 1.22), t(100) = 7.171, p < 0.001, d = 1.10"
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Achievement Emotions — outcome: instruction changes it
- Interest — outcome: instruction changes it
Related Claims¶
- Students who experienced the virtual field trip via a 3D HMD scored higher on a delayed posttest roughly three weeks later than 2D-video students — related
- Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher presence than students taking the same trip as a 2D video — related
- Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher interest than students taking the same trip as a 2D video — related
- Enjoyment mediates the pathway from immersive media to immediate posttest score while interest mediates the pathway to delayed posttest score — related
- Immersion in virtual reality adds extraneous load yet can boost transfer, enjoyment, and motivation while leaving retention unaffected — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
hmd-virtual-field-trip-higher-enjoyment-than-2d-video |
title |
Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher enjoyment than students taking the same trip as a 2D video |
description |
Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher enjoyment than students taking the same trip as a 2D video |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2022 |
source_checked |
2026-10-22 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-22 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — guido-makransky-richard-e-mayer-2022 |
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