Students who experienced the virtual field trip via a 3D HMD scored higher on a delayed posttest roughly three weeks later than 2D-video students¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3·i2medium
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i2 The HMD group scored significantly higher than the 2D video group on the delayed posttest an average of 19.44 days later (d = 0.70). → Guido Makransky · Richard E. Mayer 2022
Evidence¶
Guido Makransky · Richard E. Mayer 2022¶
Guido Makransky · Richard E. Mayer. (2022). Benefits of Taking a Virtual Field Trip in Immersive Virtual Reality: Evidence for the Immersion Principle in Multimedia Learning. Educational Psychology Review (2022) 34:1771–1798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-022-09675-4
q3 · i2 · causal · r2
Independent-samples t-test (Hypothesis 5) on the delayed posttest after the full six-lesson intervention, "an average of 19.44 days" after the field trip. The HMD group scored significantly higher, d = 0.70, a medium effect.
"the HMD group (M = 18.90, SD = 4.35) scored significantly higher than the video group (M = 15.64, SD = 4.97) on the delayed posttest, t (100) = 3.507, p < 0.001, d = 0.70."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher presence than students taking the same trip as a 2D video — related
- Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher enjoyment than students taking the same trip as a 2D video — related
- Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher interest than students taking the same trip as a 2D video — related
- Enjoyment mediates the pathway from immersive media to immediate posttest score while interest mediates the pathway to delayed posttest score — related
- Immersion principle: people do not necessarily learn better in 3D immersive virtual reality than with a corresponding 2D desktop presentation (d = -0.10 across 9 tests) — reports the opposite
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
hmd-virtual-field-trip-better-delayed-retention |
title |
Students who experienced the virtual field trip via a 3D HMD scored higher on a delayed posttest roughly three weeks later than 2D-video students |
description |
Students who experienced the virtual field trip via a 3D HMD scored higher on a delayed posttest roughly three weeks later than 2D-video students |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2022 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-22 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — guido-makransky-richard-e-mayer-2022 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.