Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher presence than students taking the same trip as a 2D video¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr?·q3·i3large
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i3 The HMD group reported significantly higher presence than the 2D video group (d = 1.43). → Guido Makransky · Richard E. Mayer 2022
Evidence¶
Guido Makransky · Richard E. Mayer 2022¶
Guido Makransky · Richard E. Mayer. (2022). Benefits of Taking a Virtual Field Trip in Immersive Virtual Reality: Evidence for the Immersion Principle in Multimedia Learning. Educational Psychology Review (2022) 34:1771–1798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-022-09675-4
q3 · i3 · causal · r?
Independent-samples t-test in the between-subjects experiment (49 HMD, 53 2D video students) testing Hypothesis 1. The "HMD group reported (M = 4.18, SD = 0.74) significantly higher presence than the video group", with d = 1.43, supporting Hypothesis 1.
"the HMD group reported (M = 4.18, SD = 0.74) significantly higher presence than the video group (M = 2.91, SD = 1.01), t(100) = 7.171, p < 0.001, d = 1.43"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Students who experienced the virtual field trip via a 3D HMD scored higher on a delayed posttest roughly three weeks later than 2D-video students — related
- Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher enjoyment than students taking the same trip as a 2D video — related
- Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher interest than students taking the same trip as a 2D video — related
- Learning in immersive VR produces higher self-reported presence, agency, location, body ownership, and embodied learning than learning via a PC screen — related
- Immersion principle: people do not necessarily learn better in 3D immersive virtual reality than with a corresponding 2D desktop presentation (d = -0.10 across 9 tests) — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
hmd-virtual-field-trip-higher-presence-than-2d-video |
title |
Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher presence than students taking the same trip as a 2D video |
description |
Middle-school students taking a virtual field trip via a 3D HMD report higher presence than students taking the same trip as a 2D video |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2022 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-22 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — guido-makransky-richard-e-mayer-2022 |
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