Students experiencing homelessness change schools at triple the rate of other students and are twice as likely to receive an out-of-school suspension¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associationalr2–r3·q2
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2026: baselines and conditions change
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? One in 5 students experiencing homelessness in tested grades changed schools at least once during the school year—triple the rate of other students—and a quarter of these changed schools twice or more. → Burns 2021
q2 i? Students experiencing homelessness in tested grades were twice as likely as all students to receive an out-of-school suspension, with elevated rates among students of color. → Burns 2021 (2)
Evidence¶
Burns 2021¶
Burns, D., Espinoza, D., Ondrasek, N., & Yang, M. (2021). Students experiencing homelessness: The conditions and outcomes of homelessness among California students. Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/students-experiencing-homelessness
q2 · i? · associational · r3
Analysis of 2015–16 California Department of Education data for grades 3–8 and 11 examines school mobility. The report finds mobility "triple the rate of other students", with approximately 11% of African American students experiencing homelessness changing schools two or more times, the highest rate among racial/ethnic groups. No effect size is printed.
"One in 5 students experiencing homelessness in the tested grades changed schools at least once during the school year—triple the rate of other students—and a quarter of these changed schools twice or more."
Burns 2021 (2)¶
Burns, D., Espinoza, D., Ondrasek, N., & Yang, M. (2021). Students experiencing homelessness: The conditions and outcomes of homelessness among California students. Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/students-experiencing-homelessness
q2 · i? · associational · r2
The same 2015–16 administrative data analysis examines exclusionary discipline. The report states students experiencing homelessness "were also twice as likely as all students to receive an out-of-school suspension", with the executive summary noting rates especially high among students of color. No effect size is printed.
"Students experiencing homelessness in the tested grades were also twice as likely as all students to receive an out-of-school suspension."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Students experiencing homelessness show substantially lower achievement and graduation than housed peers (reported from a New York City study) — related
- In Maryland, disciplinary removals (out-of-school suspensions and expulsions) declined over the past 10 years while discipline disparities persisted — related
- For the same types of infractions, Black students and students with disabilities were significantly more likely to receive out-of-school suspensions than other subgroups — related
- Black and poor students are suspended from US schools at higher rates than White and nonpoor students — related
- Schools with high teacher turnover and large proportions of underprepared teachers are associated with lower achievement for all students and for students experiencing homelessness, after accounting for other factors — related
- LLMs reconstruct highly cited researchers' coauthor lists at approximately twice the rate of lower-cited peers, with the disparity growing with model size — related
- African American boys received out-of-school suspensions at five times the rate of white/Asian boys in CPS high schools in 2013-14 — related
- Students with disabilities are suspended at more than twice the rate of students without disabilities, and Black students with disabilities face the highest risk at 19% — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
homeless-students-high-mobility-and-suspension |
title |
Students experiencing homelessness change schools at triple the rate of other students and are twice as likely to receive an out-of-school suspension |
description |
Students experiencing homelessness change schools at triple the rate of other students and are twice as likely to receive an out-of-school suspension |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2021 |
recheck_by |
2026 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-10 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
2 — burns-2021, burns-2021-2 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.