In Maryland, disciplinary removals (out-of-school suspensions and expulsions) declined over the past 10 years while discipline disparities persisted¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r? · q2
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2024: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Out-of-school suspensions and expulsions in Maryland declined over the past 10 years. → Johanna Lacoe 2019 q2 i? Despite the decline in disciplinary removals, discipline disparities in Maryland persisted. → Johanna Lacoe 2019

Evidence¶

Johanna Lacoe 2019¶

Johanna Lacoe, Mikia Manley. (2019). Research Review: Understanding Discipline Disparities in Maryland (Infographic). Regional Educational Laboratory Mid-Atlantic. https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs/regions/midatlantic

q2 · i? · review · r?

Descriptive review of Maryland disciplinary trends presented in an REL Mid-Atlantic research review infographic. The review reports that "disciplinary removals—out-of-school suspensions and expulsions—have declined in Maryland over the past 10 years" while disparities persist. No effect sizes or test statistics are printed.

"Although disciplinary removals—out-of-school suspensions and expulsions—have declined in Maryland over the past 10 years, discipline disparities persist."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Exclusionary discipline rates declined for all student subgroups in Maryland from 2009/10 to 2017/18 — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
• For the same types of infractions, Black students and students with disabilities were significantly more likely to receive out-of-school suspensions than other subgroups — related
• Black students and students with disabilities in Maryland were suspended and expelled at more than twice the rates of other students — related
• Youth with an IEP became more engaged in school and extracurricular activities over the past decade, with little change in grade retention, suspensions, and expulsions — related
• Grade retention, suspensions, and expulsions among youth with an IEP showed little change over the past decade — related
• School closures had no effect on absences or suspension rates for affected students — related
• Schools implementing restorative justice report decreases in exclusionary discipline such as suspensions and expulsions — related
• Black students are suspended at the highest rate of any racial group, at 12% in 2017–18, with persistent disparities across all years analyzed — related
• California's shift to restorative and social-emotional approaches coincided with a 33.6% decline in suspensions and 40.4% decline in expulsions (2011-2016) while schools became safer — related
• Exclusionary discipline disproportionately affects students of color from low-income families and students with disabilities, who receive harsher penalties than peers for similar behaviors — related
• Exclusionary discipline harms students and disproportionately affects students of color, so tracking suspension data can promote positive interventions — related
• Out-of-school suspension decreased in 48 states and Washington, DC between 2011–12 and 2017–18, but in five states the decline came with an even larger increase in in-school suspensions — related
• National out-of-school suspension rates rose from 4% in 1973 to a peak of 7% in 2009–10, then fell to 5% by 2017–18 while remaining above 1970s levels — a broader claim this one bears on
• Black students lose five times as many instructional days to suspension as White students — related
• Chicago policy changes coincided with steep drops in suspensions and expulsions for girls of color — related
• Exclusionary discipline disproportionately removes students of color and students with disabilities from school — related
• Suspension is associated with long-term harms including higher risk of grade retention, dropout, and juvenile justice involvement — related
• Students experiencing homelessness change schools at triple the rate of other students and are twice as likely to receive an out-of-school suspension — related