Implicit motor learning measures do not differ between Norwegian and Japanese groups¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (4 entries) · causal r1–r2 · q3 · i2–i3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 The implicit learning measure developed over adaptation in both groups (ηp² = 0.54). → Yamada 2025 q3 i2 The implicit learning measure showed no main effect of cultural group (ηp² = 0.04). → Yamada 2025 (2) q3 i? Aftereffects and residual aftereffects did not differ significantly between the Norwegian and Japanese groups. → Yamada 2025 (3) q3 i3 Aftereffects were larger in the terminal-feedback block than in the washout block for both groups (ηp² = 0.52). → Yamada 2025 (4)

Evidence¶

Yamada 2025¶

Yamada, C., Itaguchi, Y., & Rodríguez-Aranda, C. (2025). Unconscious cultural cognitive biases in explicit processes of visuomotor adaptation. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00335-0

q3 · i3 · causal · r2

In the cross-cultural experiment, a two-way mixed ANOVA on the implicit learning measure (angular error minus explicit aim) showed growth across the adaptation block, "ηp 2 = 0 . 5 4" (ηp² = 0.54), in both cultural groups.

"the implicit learning measures developed through the adaptation block (Fig. 2a, b) and were larger in the late period than in the early period (F(1, 46) = 54.48, p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0 . 5 4 )"

Yamada 2025 (2)¶

Yamada, C., Itaguchi, Y., & Rodríguez-Aranda, C. (2025). Unconscious cultural cognitive biases in explicit processes of visuomotor adaptation. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00335-0

q3 · i2 · causal · r2

The same ANOVA on the implicit learning measure found "no main effect of the cultural group" (ηp² = 0.04) and a nonsignificant learning-phase × cultural-group interaction, indicating comparable implicit estimates across the Norwegian and Japanese groups.

"There was no main effect of the cultural group ( F(1, 46) = 1.71, p = 0.20, ηp 2 = 0.04) and the interaction between the learning phase and the cultural group was not significant"

Yamada 2025 (3)¶

Yamada, C., Itaguchi, Y., & Rodríguez-Aranda, C. (2025). Unconscious cultural cognitive biases in explicit processes of visuomotor adaptation. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00335-0

q3 · i? · causal · r1

A two-way mixed ANOVA on aftereffects and residual aftereffects in the terminal-feedback and washout blocks found that "these measures did not differ significantly between groups" (aftereffects ηp² = 0.02; residual aftereffects ηp² = 0.01); the block × culture interactions were also not significant.

"The results showed that these measures did not differ significantly between groups (for the aftereffects, F(1, 46) = 1.07, p = 0.31, ηp 2 = 0.02; for the residual aftereffects, F(1, 46) = 0.33, p = 0.57, ηp 2 = 0.01)"

Yamada 2025 (4)¶

Yamada, C., Itaguchi, Y., & Rodríguez-Aranda, C. (2025). Unconscious cultural cognitive biases in explicit processes of visuomotor adaptation. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00335-0

q3 · i3 · causal · r2

The same ANOVA showed "larger in the terminal-feedback block than that in the washout block" aftereffects for both cultural groups (ηp² = 0.52), while residual aftereffects did not differ significantly between the two blocks (ηp² = 0.02).

"The aftereffects were larger in the terminal-feedback block than that in the washout block for both groups ( F(1, 46) = 50.44, p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.52)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Japanese participants show larger explicit aim than Norwegian participants during visuomotor adaptation — related
• Multi-state model parameters do not differ between Norwegian and Japanese groups — related
• Implicit learning measures from verbal reports do not correlate with aftereffects or slow-process learning rates — related
• Japanese participants change their aiming direction more frequently than Norwegian participants, regardless of previous hit or miss — related