National income inequality weakens the culturally based social class test gap (parental education, cultural capital)¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r3 · q2 · i0 negligible
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i0 In Studies 2a and 2b, the higher the income inequality, the weaker the culturally based social class test gap. → Nele Claes 2024 q2 i0 In Study 1, the higher the income inequality, the weaker the social class test gap in mathematics based on parental education. → Nele Claes 2024 (2)

Evidence¶

Nele Claes 2024¶

Nele Claes, Annique Smeding, Arnaud Carré, Nicolas Sommet. (2024). The social class test gap: A worldwide investigation of the role of academic anxiety and income inequality in standardized test score disparities. Journal of Educational Psychology, 116(6), 871-888. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000881

q2 · i0 · associational · r3

Multilevel interaction models on PISA 2012 and 2015 data tested income inequality × cultural capital/parental education. Simple slopes showed the culturally based gap was weaker in more unequal countries (+1SD) than in less unequal countries (-1SD) in both studies (Figure 2, middle panel).

"analyses revealed that the higher the income inequality, the weaker the culturally based social class test gap, Study 2a: β = -0.02 [-0.03, -0.01], p < .001; Study 2b: β = -0.02 [-0.03, -0.00], p = .029"

Nele Claes 2024 (2)¶

Nele Claes, Annique Smeding, Arnaud Carré, Nicolas Sommet. (2024). The social class test gap: A worldwide investigation of the role of academic anxiety and income inequality in standardized test score disparities. Journal of Educational Psychology, 116(6), 871-888. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000881

q2 · i0 · associational · r3

Study 1 multilevel model on PISA 2003 data regressed mathematics performance on parental education, income inequality, and their interaction, inconsistent with H2a (Figure 2, upper left panel). Simple slopes: +1SD β = 0.08 versus -1SD β = 0.15.

"the analysis revealed that the higher the income inequality, the weaker the social class test gap in mathematics, β = - 0.04 [- 0.06, - 0.02], p < .01"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Academic anxiety mediates between one-tenth and one-fifth of the social class test gap across social class indicators, anxiety forms, and school domains — related
• National income inequality strengthens the economically based social class test gap (family economic capital) — related
• All three social class indicators (parental education, family cultural capital, family economic capital) positively predict standardized test performance among 15-year-olds — related
• Whether anxiety explains the income inequality × social class interaction remains inconclusive — related