Frequency of incorrect quiz submissions differs across performance quartiles, with low performers submitting incorrect answers most often¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 Among 482 introductory biology students, the frequency of incorrect submissions differed significantly across the four exam-performance quartiles with a large effect size (η² = 0.15), and the low-performing group had significantly more incorrect submissions than each other group. → Hou 2025

Evidence¶

Hou 2025¶

Hou, C., Kuhlmann, S. L., Greene, J. A., Bernacki, M. L., & Hogan, K. A. (2025). Process mining measures students' help-seeking transitions when completing assignments in an online learning and assessment platform. Metacognition and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-025-09442-0

q3 · i3 · associational · r2

Kruskal-Wallis tests of digital event frequencies across four exam-performance quartiles (n = 482 undergraduates in an introductory biology course) showed incorrect submissions differed across groups, η² = 0.15, a "large effect size (Richardson, 2011)". Dunn's post-hoc tests showed the low group exceeded all others.

"a Kruskal-Wallis test between the groups indicated a statistically significant difference in the frequency of incorrect submissions, c 2(3) = 74.64, p <.001, h2 = 0.15, with a large effect size (Richardson, 2011)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Frequency of correct quiz submissions differs across performance quartiles, with high performers submitting correct answers most often
• The four exam-performance quartile groups differed significantly on first-unit exam scores, validating the grouping used for behavioral comparisons — related
• Exam scores correlate positively with correct submissions and negatively with incorrect submissions and solution access — related
• Low-performing students access solutions more often than higher-performing students, while hint access does not differ across quartiles — related
• Process mining shows low performers access solutions more and transition to hints after incorrect submissions more than high performers — related