Inhibition and working-memory performance are associated with mixing costs (goal representation) at ages 4;6 and 5;3 but not at age 3;9¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associationalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2012 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? At ages 4;6 and 5;3, Go/No-Go and Nebraska Barnyard performance significantly interacted with trial type, with higher scores predicting smaller mixing costs. → Chevalier N. 2012
q3 i? At age 3;9, neither inhibition nor working memory interacted with trial type, indicating no relation to mixing costs at that age. → Chevalier N. 2012 (2)
Evidence¶
Chevalier N. 2012¶
Chevalier N., Sheffield T. D., Nelson J. M., Clark C. A. C., Wiebe S. A., Espy K. A. (2012). Underpinnings of the Costs of Flexibility in Preschool Children: The Roles of Inhibition and Working Memory. Developmental Neuropsychology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3308575/
q3 · i? · associational · r2
Multilevel modeling of Shape School accuracy at ages 4;6 and 5;3 found the GNG × trial type interaction significant (γ = .069, p = .002; γ = .054, p = .011), so "Higher GNG performance resulted in smaller mixing costs"; NB showed parallel interactions (γ = .058, p = .003; γ = .034, p = .022).
"In contrast to the earlier time point, at ages 4;6 and 5;3, GNG performance significantly interacted with trial type (γ = .069, p = .002 at age 4;6; γ = .054, p = .011 at age 5;3). Higher GNG performance resulted in smaller mixing costs."
Chevalier N. 2012 (2)¶
Chevalier N., Sheffield T. D., Nelson J. M., Clark C. A. C., Wiebe S. A., Espy K. A. (2012). Underpinnings of the Costs of Flexibility in Preschool Children: The Roles of Inhibition and Working Memory. Developmental Neuropsychology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3308575/
q3 · i? · associational · r2
At age 3;9 the same multilevel models showed no GNG × trial type or NB × trial type interaction (p = .069 and p = .118), so "mixing costs do not depend on inhibition and working memory at this age."
"At age 3;9, neither GNG nor NB performance interacted with trial type (p = .069 and p = .118, respectively), suggesting that mixing costs do not depend on inhibition and working memory at this age."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Higher inhibition and working-memory scores predict better overall Shape School accuracy at some ages, independent of trial type — related
- Local costs (switch implementation) showed no significant dependence on inhibition or working-memory performance at any of the preschool ages tested — related
- Perseverators do not differ from non-perseverators in inhibition or working-memory performance at any age — related
- Significant mixing and local costs are present at each preschool age, with both decreasing in magnitude from age 3;9 to 5;3 — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
inhibition-working-memory-mixing-costs-late-preschool |
title |
Inhibition and working-memory performance are associated with mixing costs (goal representation) at ages 4;6 and 5;3 but not at age 3;9 |
description |
Inhibition and working-memory performance are associated with mixing costs (goal representation) at ages 4;6 and 5;3 but not at age 3;9 |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2012 |
source_checked |
2026-10-20 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
2 — chevalier-n-2012, chevalier-n-2012-2 |
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