Interleaving benefits were not detected on high-stakes midterm exams taken after cramming¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Design limits · Joshua Samani and Steven C. Pan 2021: groups were assigned but students were analysed as independent (read from the study by two models, 2026-10-26)
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Midterm scores did not significantly differ between blocked and interleaved conditions (post-Stage 1 d = 0.20, p = 0.0944; post-Stage 2 d = 0.02, p = 0.8758). → Joshua Samani and Steven C. Pan 2021
Evidence¶
Joshua Samani and Steven C. Pan 2021¶
Joshua Samani and Steven C. Pan. (2021). Interleaved practice enhances memory and problem-solving ability in undergraduate physics. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-021-00110-x
q3 · i? · causal · r2
Analysis of two midterm exams in the same experiment, completed in individual and group stages with individual-stage data reported. The article reports no significant difference; equivalence was not tested.
"On high-stakes midterm exams occurring 3 days after each criterial test, scores did not significantly differ between the blocked and interleaved conditions (post-Stage 1 midterm, d = 0.20, 95% CI [ −0.04, 0.43], t(288) = 1.68, p = 0.0944), and post-Stage 2 midterm, d = 0.02, 95% CI [ −0.21, 0.25], t(284) = 0.16, p = 0.8758)."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Interleaved homework yields higher surprise criterial test scores than blocked homework in undergraduate physics, with larger effects in Stage 2 — related
- Interleaving improves both long-term memory for formulas and exact answer correctness on criterial tests, with a smaller benefit for correctness — related
- Interleaving benefits on criterial tests cannot be attributed to increased study time — related
- On raw exam scores, interleaved homework produced no significant midterm difference between sections but a significant final exam advantage for the interleaved section — related
- Interleaving showed robust benefits across a multiverse analysis of data-processing choices, with all key p-values below stated thresholds — related
- Interleaving disproportionately benefited students with below-average or up-to-0.96-SD-above-average midterm scores, though ceiling effects may contribute — related
- On the midterm, interleaving significantly reduced the gap between URM and non-URM students relative to blocked homework — related
- Controlling for prior knowledge and demographics, interleaving benefited all students on the final exam (β = 0.21, p < 0.001) — related
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