Generating keywords after a delay increases relative judgment accuracy compared with no keyword generation, replicating the keyword effect with a new sample and new materials¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3·i2medium
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i2 University students who generated five keywords per text after a delay ranked their comprehension across four texts more accurately than control students who had a break instead. → Waldeyer 2021
Evidence¶
Waldeyer 2021¶
Waldeyer, J., & Roelle, J. (2021). The keyword effect: A conceptual replication, effects on bias, and an optimization. Metacognition and Learning, 16, 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-020-09235-7
q3 · i2 · causal · r2
Contrast analysis in the between-subject experiment (N = 108 university students reading four expository texts; keyword conditions contrasted against control, weights 1/1/−2) on relative accuracy from JOLT1 and posttest. The keyword groups "reached higher relative accuracy ... than the control group", t(93) = 2.06, p = .021 (one-tailed), ηp2 = .04.
"we found that the keyword groups reached higher relative accuracy (i.e., ranked their comprehension more accurately) than the control group, t(93) = 2.06, p = .021 (one-tailed), ηp2 =. 0 4"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Generating or comparing keywords had no substantial effect on posttest learning performance
- Generating delayed keywords does not reduce bias in comprehension judgments — related
- Comprehension-test expectancy tended to be more effective than delayed-keywords listing and rereading, though interventions did not substantially differ overall — related
- Five of seven situation-model interventions significantly improved relative metacomprehension accuracy, concept mapping only marginally (p = .097), and self-explaining not significantly — a broader claim this one bears on
- Procedural and strategic supports during reading tended to positively affect comprehension compared to no-treatment controls, with exceptions when compared against mobilization — related
- Secondary students tend to overestimate their text comprehension, though monitoring is relatively accurate in this sample — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
keyword-effect-delayed-generation-relative-accuracy-replication |
title |
Generating keywords after a delay increases relative judgment accuracy compared with no keyword generation, replicating the keyword effect with a new sample and new materials |
description |
Generating keywords after a delay increases relative judgment accuracy compared with no keyword generation, replicating the keyword effect with a new sample and new materials |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2021 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-19 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — waldeyer-2021 |
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