Students experienced less confusion after positive scan results than after negative scan results¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q3·i1small
Currency · newest study 2019 · checked against its sources 2026-10-28 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i1 A paired-difference t-test showed significantly lower confusion proportions after Scan Positive than Scan Negative (t = -2.70, p < 0.01, Cohen's d = -0.35). → Michelle Taub 2019
Evidence¶
Michelle Taub 2019¶
Michelle Taub, Robert Sawyer, James Lester, Roger Azevedo. (2019). The Impact of Contextualized Emotions on Self-Regulated Learning and Scientific Reasoning during Learning with a Game-Based Learning Environment. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-019-00191-1
q3 · i1 · associational · r2
One-sample paired difference t-tests for the after-scan interval in the CRYSTAL ISLAND study (59 valid students). The table row shows "Confusion −2.70 (< 0.01)**" with mean difference -0.0076 and effect size d = -0.35; frustration (p = 0.29) and joy (p = 0.18) were not significant.
"Confusion −2.70 (< 0.01)** −0.0076 (0.022) −0.35"
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Achievement Emotions — outcome: instruction changes it
Related Claims¶
- Students' emotion durations differed significantly between positive and negative scan outcomes, but not during book reading or after diagnosis submission — a broader claim this one bears on
- Joy during relevant book reading and confusion after positive scans positively predicted overall game score, while total worksheet submissions negatively predicted it — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
less-confusion-after-positive-scan |
title |
Students experienced less confusion after positive scan results than after negative scan results |
description |
Students experienced less confusion after positive scan results than after negative scan results |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2019 |
source_checked |
2026-10-28 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-28 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — michelle-taub-2019 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.