Monitoring significantly improves a second language learner's accuracy on learnable rules (subject-verb agreement, regular past tense) in the most monitored style¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 1983 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Evidence quality · No study behind this claim is a peer-reviewed article with a DOI: it rests on an ERIC document (a report, conference paper or thesis). It is kept because 5 design pages cite it; treat it as a lead to check, not an established finding.

Subclaims¶

q2 i? In Ciske's pilot study, monitoring significantly improved the accuracy of subject-verb agreement (p < .01) and regular past tense (p < .001) for one Korean ESL student. → Adamson 1983

Evidence¶

Adamson 1983¶

Adamson, Douglas. (1983). Monitoring and the Monitor Model: Labov Versus Krashen. WATESOL Working Papers. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED242194

q2 · i? · causal · r1

A pilot study by Mary Ciske elicited four contextual styles (free writing, reading it aloud, conversation, editing) from one Korean student in a freshman composition class, scoring accuracy in obligatory contexts. Editing significantly improved "the accuracy of subject-verb agreement" and regular past tense; no effect sizes are printed.

"By monitoring Kim was able to improve significantly the accuracy of subject-verb agreement (p K .01) and regular past tense (p <.001)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Reading and Language — outcome: instruction changes it
• Metacognition — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Comprehensible input alone is insufficient for acquisition of high levels of grammatical proficiency — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
• A 1982 bilingual-education teacher-training packet asserts, citing Krashen, that repetitive drill and grammar-focused instruction are ineffective for second language acquisition — reports the opposite
• Monitoring lowers accuracy for unlearnable rules: preposition usage was significantly less accurate in the more monitored style — related
• Monitoring is a variable phenomenon, not all-or-nothing, and monitoring in formal styles may pull up accuracy in less formal styles — related
• Regular past tense accuracy is greatest in planned writing, intermediate in planned speech, and least in unplanned speech — related
• L2 learners style-shift in past tense accuracy within narrative discourse according to the amount of planning time available — related
• The three planning conditions produced different accuracy orders for regular and irregular past, questioning the stability of the natural order — related
• Past copula style shifting occurs only between planned speech and unplanned speech — related
• Irregular past shows little style shifting across planning conditions — related