Past copula style shifting occurs only between planned speech and unplanned speech¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r? · q2
Currency · newest study 1987 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 1992: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Style shifting for the past copula occurred only between planned speech and unplanned speech, not involving planned writing. → Rod Ellis 1987

Evidence¶

Rod Ellis 1987¶

Rod Ellis. (1987). Interlanguage Variability in Narrative Discourse: Style Shifting in the Use of the Past Tense. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Volume 9, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100006483

q2 · i? · causal · r?

Among the three morphemes examined in 17 intermediate L2 learners' narratives, the past copula showed a distinct pattern: shifting was confined to the contrast between the two speech conditions, per the abstract's report that shifting "occurred only between planned speech and unplanned speech".

"whereas style shifting for past copula occurred only between planned speech and unplanned speech"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Irregular past shows little style shifting across planning conditions — related
• L2 learners style-shift in past tense accuracy within narrative discourse according to the amount of planning time available — a broader claim this one bears on
• Regular past tense accuracy is greatest in planned writing, intermediate in planned speech, and least in unplanned speech — reports the opposite
• The three planning conditions produced different accuracy orders for regular and irregular past, questioning the stability of the natural order — related
• Monitoring significantly improves a second language learner's accuracy on learnable rules (subject-verb agreement, regular past tense) in the most monitored style — related