Mood-related measures (contentedness, smiling, fidgetiness) did not vary systematically across the reliable and unreliable conditions¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2013 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Analyses of apparent contentedness, smiling time, and fidgetiness found no systematic differences between conditions, arguing against a mood-based explanation of the wait-time effect. → Kidd 2013

Evidence¶

Kidd 2013¶

Kidd, C., Palmeri, H., & Aslin, R. N. (2013). Rational snacking: Young children's decision-making on the marshmallow task is moderated by beliefs about environmental reliability. Cognition, 126(1), 109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.08.004

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Supplementary analysis (Appendix A.3) of the same experiment: two naïve coders rated contentedness (1-9 scale), smiling time, and script-quantified fidgetiness from the first 30 s of waiting. The article reports the variables "did not vary systematically across the two conditions"; no test statistics or effect sizes are printed in the provided text.

"Since these results might alternatively be explained by a difference in mood across the two groups (e.g., by differently induced levels of either frustration or excitement), an analysis of the three relevant measures—apparent contentedness, smiling, and fidgetiness—was conducted (see Appendix A.3). Results suggested that these variables did not vary systematically across the two conditions."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

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• Unreliability in an outcome measure reduces the statistical power of treatment-control comparisons — related
• Children in the reliable condition were significantly more likely to wait the full 15 min than children in the unreliable condition (64.3% vs 7.1%) — related
• Children in the reliable condition waited significantly longer on the marshmallow task than children in the unreliable condition (p < 0.0005) — related
• Age and gender did not significantly predict marshmallow-task wait-times in this sample when controlling for condition — related
• Children's wait-times on sustained delay-of-gratification tasks reflect beliefs about environmental reliability in addition to self-control capacity — related