Most direct ophthalmoscopy simulation studies achieve only Kirkpatrick Level 1 or 2 outcomes¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · quant-synthesisr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Of 37 included studies, only one achieved Kirkpatrick Level 3, while 20 (54%) achieved Level 2 and 8 (22%) Level 1. → Dutt Deepaysh DCS 2025
Evidence¶
Dutt Deepaysh DCS 2025¶
Dutt Deepaysh DCS, Hohnen Harry, Kulshrestha Subham, Razavi Hessom. (2025). Simulation models in direct ophthalmoscopy education: a systematic review. Canadian Medical Education Journal. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.79989
q3 · i? · quant-synthesis · r2
Systematic review of 37 studies on direct ophthalmoscopy simulation, assessed with the Kirkpatrick Model. The review reports that "Only one study achieved a Kirkpatrick Level 3, while 20 (54%) studies achieved a Level 2 and 8 (22%) studies achieved a Level 1."
"Only one study achieved a Kirkpatrick Level 3, while 20 (54%) studies achieved a Level 2 and 8 (22%) studies achieved a Level 1."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Reviewed peer-tutoring simulation studies mostly reached only Kirkpatrick Level 2, with no assessment of behavior change or clinical-practice results — related
- Plastic cannister designs are the most common direct ophthalmoscopy simulation model in the literature — related
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