Visual enhancement is not significantly associated with hearing level, age, visual working memory or processing speed, and learning rate in speechreading training is not significantly associated with those or with hearing aid use or training intensity¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r1 · q3
Currency · newest study 2023 · checked against its sources 2026-10-26 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? In a multiple regression of pre-training visual enhancement on hearing level (PTA), age, visual working memory and processing speed, no predictor was significantly associated with it (all p ≥ 0.115). → Raffael Schmitt 2023 q3 i? In the speechreading training group, none of PTA, age, hearing aid use, training intensity, visual working memory or processing speed was significantly associated with the individual learning rate (all p ≥ 0.505). → Raffael Schmitt 2023 (2)

Evidence¶

Raffael Schmitt 2023¶

Raffael Schmitt, Martin Meyer and Nathalie Giroud. (2023). Improvements in naturalistic speech-in-noise comprehension in middle-aged and older adults after 3 weeks of computer-based speechreading training. npj Science of Learning 8:32. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-023-00179-6

q3 · i? · causal · r1

Multiple regression on pre-training visual enhancement (normalized difference between AV and A-only scores) with PTA, age, visual working memory, and processing speed as z-standardized predictors. Hearing aid use and training intensity were not entered in this model. "None of the predictors showed a signi ficant association with VE"; the regression coefficients and 95% CIs are printed (below), and the wide intervals mean a non-significant result here is not evidence of no association.

"Using multiple regression analysis, none of the predictors showed a signi ficant association with VE (PTA, β = 1.81, 95% CI[ −4.13, 7.76], p = 0.544; age, β = −5.07, 95% CI[−11.42, 1.28], p = 0.115; visual working memory, β = 0.82, 95% CI[ −4.66, 6.30], p = 0.767; processing speed, β = 0.09, 95% CI[ −5.56, 5.74], p = 0.975)"

Raffael Schmitt 2023 (2)¶

Raffael Schmitt, Martin Meyer and Nathalie Giroud. (2023). Improvements in naturalistic speech-in-noise comprehension in middle-aged and older adults after 3 weeks of computer-based speechreading training. npj Science of Learning 8:32. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-023-00179-6

q3 · i? · causal · r1

Multiple regression on mean learning rate in the speechreading training group, aggregating trial-level data. The article reports that "None of the variables showed a signi ficant association with learning rate" and notes information is lost by averaging trial-level data into a mean learning rate.

"None of the variables showed a signi ficant association with learning rate (PTA, β = −0.91, 95% CI[ −7.99, 6.18], p = 0.794; age, β = 0.29, 95% CI[−6.99, 7.56], p = 0.936; hearing aid use, β = 2.49, 95% CI[ −5.98, 10.96], p = 0.550; training intensity, β = 2.18, 95% CI[ −4.46, 8.82], p = 0.505; visual working memory, β = −1.60, 95% CI[ −6.77, 3.58], p = 0.531; processing speed, β = −1.42, 95% CI[ −7.83, 4.99], p = 0.653)"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Processing Speed — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
• Visual Processing — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Age, general cognition (MoCA), visual working memory, and hearing loss showed no significant association with the extent of training-induced change, and the three-way modality-by-AWM-by-hearing-loss interaction was not significant — related
• General processing speed (choice reaction time and figure matching) does not significantly predict mathematics achievement in Grade 7 or Grade 9 — related
• Three weeks of computer-based speechreading training improves audiovisual speech-in-noise comprehension in middle-aged and older adults, with the effect limited to the audiovisual condition — related
• Participants who improved on audiovisual speech-in-noise comprehension had significantly lower pre-training scores than non-learners, reflecting the inherent correlation between baseline and change scores — related