Older adults restudy easy and medium items more than younger adults, and lower memory self-efficacy correlates with avoiding difficult items¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r2 · q2–q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2010 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 In Experiment 1, older adults were more likely than younger adults to restudy easy, medium, and difficult items. → Price 2010 q2 i3 Older adults' lower memory self-efficacy and perceived control correlated with restudy and avoidance of difficult items. → Price 2010 (2)

Evidence¶

Price 2010¶

Price, Jodi; Hertzog, Christopher; Dunlosky, John. (2010). Self-Regulated Learning in Younger and Older Adults: Does Aging Affect Metacognitive Control? Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825580903287941

q3 · i3 · causal · r2

Experiment 1 reselection analyses (Table 1); reselections rose with difficulty and older adults restudied more at every level, e.g. "F (1, 93) = 20.26, p < .001, ηp2= .179" for medium items. Experiment 2 replicated the age differences in restudying.

"Older adults were more likely than younger adults to restudy easy, F (1, 93) = 10.13, p < .01, ηp2= .098, medium, F (1, 93) = 20.26, p < .001, ηp2= .179, and difficult items twice, F (1, 93) = 11.26, p < .01, ηp2= .108."

Price 2010 (2)¶

Price, Jodi; Hertzog, Christopher; Dunlosky, John. (2010). Self-Regulated Learning in Younger and Older Adults: Does Aging Affect Metacognitive Control? Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825580903287941

q2 · i3 · causal · r2

Experiment 1 correlational analyses of reselection with memory beliefs, working memory capacity, and vocabulary; printed correlations include "r = −.43 and r = −.42" for avoidance of difficult items, and lower control beliefs correlated with restudying moderately difficult items (r = −.37).

"older adults with lower memory self-efficacy and lower WMC scores were more likely to avoid difficult items, not selecting them at all, r = −.43 and r = −.42, respectively"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Self-Efficacy — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Older adults allocate proportionally more study time to easy and medium items while younger adults allocate more to difficult items, yet older adults recall less despite studying more — related
• Age negatively and education positively predict memory self-efficacy, and age negatively predicts memory performance — related
• Older adults set lower self-determined learning goals than younger adults — related
• Younger and older adults select study items in an easy-to-difficult order, consistent with the region of proximal learning model — related
• Training metacognitive self-regulation (self-testing plus selective restudy) produced greater paired-associate learning improvements in older adults than traditional encoding-strategy training when study was self-paced — related
• Dispositional performance goals negatively predict memory self-efficacy in younger and older adults — related