Readers in all conditions except sketching were overconfident, with the most overconfidence in the photograph condition and the least in the sketching condition¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 Condition significantly affected confidence bias, with readers overconfident in every condition except sketching. → Wiley 2019

Evidence¶

Wiley 2019¶

Wiley, J. (2019). Picture this! Effects of photographs, diagrams, animations, and sketching on learning and beliefs about learning from a geoscience text. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 33, 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3495

q3 · i3 · causal · r2

Confidence bias was the signed difference between prediction and outcome composites in the 120-participant experiment. The ANOVA showed "a significant effect of condition on confidence bias" with η² = .15, F(5, 114) = 3.91, p < . 01.

"There was a significant effect of condition on confidence bias, F(5, 114) = 3.91, p < . 01, partial eta squared = .15. The most overconfidence was demonstrated by readers in the photograph condition, and the least in the sketching condition."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Self Assessment Accuracy Is Low Without Training — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
• Sketching during reading yielded the most accurate comprehension monitoring, with significantly less absolute error than photograph, no-image, and animation conditions — related
• Sketching and viewing animations produced the best understanding of a geoscience text, while the photograph condition produced the worst — related
• Learners are substantially overconfident when evaluating the quality of their self-generated examples — related
• Instructional condition did not significantly affect readers' predictive judgments of understanding