Error Positivity amplitude increases with note information content and asynchrony, suggesting it signals event salience during rhythm production¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r1–r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2028: tool and model accuracy changes quickly

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Pe increased with information content (F(1,55046) = 218.42, p < 0.001) and asynchrony (F(1,75) = 52.86, p < 0.001) during synchronization. → Marc Deosdad-Díez & Josep Marco-Pallarés 2025 q3 i? In reproduction trials Pe also increased with repetition, information content (F(1,77) = 36.07, p < 0.001) and asynchrony (F(1,51310) = 84.25, p < 0.001). → Marc Deosdad-Díez & Josep Marco-Pallarés 2025 (2)

Evidence¶

Marc Deosdad-Díez & Josep Marco-Pallarés 2025¶

Marc Deosdad-Díez & Josep Marco-Pallarés. (2025). Note-by-note predictability modulates rhythm learning and its neural components. npj Science of Learning 10:59. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00353-y

q3 · i? · causal · r1

LMM of the Pe window (90–150 ms at Cz) for synchronization responses of 70 participants; Pe also increased with asynchrony (F(1,75) = 52.86, p < 0.001). An IC × asynchrony interaction showed Pe magnitude increased more by asynchrony in lower-IC notes (0.82) than high-IC notes (0.10) (t = 3.56, p < 0.001).

"The model (Supple- mentary Table 4, Fig. 2c) showed an increase in the positivity for higher values of information content ( βNoInfomation= 0.72, βCategorical= 0.47, βGraphical= 0.69, F(1,55046) = 218.42, p < 0.001)"

Marc Deosdad-Díez & Josep Marco-Pallarés 2025 (2)¶

Marc Deosdad-Díez & Josep Marco-Pallarés. (2025). Note-by-note predictability modulates rhythm learning and its neural components. npj Science of Learning 10:59. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00353-y

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Reproduction-trial Pe LMM, which also showed an asynchrony effect (F(1,51310) = 84.25, p < 0.001); a group × repetition interaction (F(2,51256) = 5.06, p < 0.01) showed the graphical group differed from the other two groups in how repetition modulated Pe.

"the Pe component (Supplementary Table 6, Fig. 3c) was increased with repetition ( βNoInfomation= 0.21, βCategorical= 0.18, βGraphical= −0.05, F(1,51256) = 7.09, p < 0.01), information content (βNoInfomation= 0.29, βCategorical= 0.18, βGraphical= 0.45, F(1,77) = 36.07, p < 0.001)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Unpredictable notes show the steepest learning improvements, with a repetition-by-information-content interaction on asynchrony — related
• During synchronization, Error Negativity is inversely related to note information content and larger only when errors are clear, consistent with precision-weighted prediction error — related
• Note-by-note information content increases tapping asynchrony during both synchronization and reproduction of rhythms — related
• The information-content modulation of Error Negativity during synchronization disappears in reproduction trials, where only repetition and asynchrony modulate Ne — related
• Graphical spatial representations of rhythm timing reduce tapping asynchrony compared with categorical and meaningless visual cues — related
• Growth mindset predicts post-error accuracy for children with small Pe amplitudes but not large Pe amplitudes (exploratory moderation) — related
• Growth mindset endorsement is associated with larger Pe amplitude (greater attention to errors) in school-aged children — related