Pretest scores significantly predicted posttest scores, supporting the pretest as an ANCOVA covariate in this study¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? The correlation between the covariate (pretest) and the dependent variable was significant, confirming the covariate's impact on the ANCOVA model. → Jalalian 2018

Evidence¶

Jalalian 2018¶

Jalalian, F. (2018). Study on the Role of Video Educational Games with a Linguistic Approach in English Language Education of the 2nd Grade High School Students. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.2p.59

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Secondary analysis within the same ANCOVA of the three groups (n = 90 as printed in the design section). The article reports the covariate impact as significant, "F(1-86) = 22.049" with probability 0.000; no effect size is printed.

"F value of covariate impact is 22.049, which is significant because its probability (0.000) is smaller than the significance level (0.05). In other words, P<0.05 and F(1-86) = 22.049. Therefore, the correlation between the covariate and independent variable is confirmed."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Statistical Reasoning — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• English recall posttest scores differed significantly across three groups (video games with English language concepts, games without them, and no games) after controlling for pretest scores; the English-concept games group scored highest, but no pairwise comparisons were reported — related
• ANCOVA controlling for pre-test scores showed a significant post-test attitude difference favoring the project-based group — related
• The pretest covariate showed no significant effect on posttest statistical reasoning scores in the ANCOVA model — reports the opposite
• Seminar group membership remained a significant predictor of improvement after controlling for pretest scores (η²p = 0.075) — related
• Pretest and posttest scores correlated significantly (r=0.21, p<0.05), justifying the pretest covariate — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)