Students already show a pretest congruency effect: existing knowledge yields better baseline performance for schema-related questions¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr1·q3
Currency · newest study 2014 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? On the pretest, before any learning, performance was better for schema-related than schema-unrelated questions, and only schema-related performance exceeded chance. → van Kesteren 2014
Evidence¶
van Kesteren 2014¶
van Kesteren, M. T. R., Rijpkema, M., Ruiter, D. J., Morris, R. G. M., & Fernández, G. (2014). Building on Prior Knowledge: Schema-dependent Encoding Processes Relate to Academic Performance. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26(10), 2250–2261. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00630
q3 · i? · causal · r1
Self-paced pretest of 40 questions on Day 1 before learning, in 31 analyzed students. Schema-related accuracy was "50.41% [ SD = 13%] average correct" versus 34.15% (SD = 9%), t(30) = 6.71, p < .001; schema-related performance differed from chance (t(30) = 7.15, p < .001) while schema-unrelated did not (t(30) = .51, ns).
"Performance on the pretest showed a congruency effect with better performance for schema-related information (t(30) = 6.71, p < .001, schema-related = 50.41% [ SD = 13%] average correct, schema-unrelated = 34.15% [ SD = 9%] average correct)"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Encoding reaction times do not differ between schema-related and schema-unrelated trials — related
- New facts related to students' prior disciplinary knowledge are better remembered after 24 hours than schema-unrelated facts — related
- Successful encoding of schema-related information recruits the mPFC whereas successful encoding of schema-unrelated information recruits the medial temporal lobe — related
- Pretesting enhances learning — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
pretest-schema-congruency-effect |
title |
Students already show a pretest congruency effect: existing knowledge yields better baseline performance for schema-related questions |
description |
Students already show a pretest congruency effect: existing knowledge yields better baseline performance for schema-related questions |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2014 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — van-kesteren-2014 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.