Psychosis, ASD, and ADHD-Inattentive Type independently elevate risk for slow processing speed relative to referred youth without diagnoses¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r2–r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2020 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? In logistic regression controlling for comorbid disorders, age, sex, and medication, psychosis (OR = 3.02) and ASD (OR = 1.85) significantly increased odds of slow PS versus clinic controls; ADHD overall was only a trend (OR = 1.42, p = .07). → Braaten EB 2020 q3 i? In follow-up analyses with ADHD subtypes, ADHD-Inattentive Type showed elevated risk for slow PS (OR = 1.60, p = .045) while ADHD-Combined Type did not (OR = 1.31, p = .22). → Braaten EB 2020 (2)

Evidence¶

Braaten EB 2020¶

Braaten EB, Ward AK, Forchelli G, Vuijk PJ, Cook NE, McGuinness P, Lee BA, Samkavitz A, Lind H, O'Keefe SM, Doyle AE. (2020). Characteristics of child psychiatric outpatients with slow processing speed and potential mechanisms of academic impact. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01455-w

q3 · i? · associational · r3

Logistic regression (Table 3, n = 751) entered all diagnostic groups together against referred youth with no diagnoses. Psychosis (OR = 3.02, p = .007) and ASD (OR = 1.85, p = .006) were significant; mood, anxiety, conduct, and ODD were not.

"the odds of slow PS were significantly higher for children with psychosis and ASD compared to the referred youth with no psychiatric diagnoses. The odds for those with ADHD emerged as a statistical trend (OR 1.42, [95% CI 0.97 – 2.07], p = .07)."

Braaten EB 2020 (2)¶

Braaten EB, Ward AK, Forchelli G, Vuijk PJ, Cook NE, McGuinness P, Lee BA, Samkavitz A, Lind H, O'Keefe SM, Doyle AE. (2020). Characteristics of child psychiatric outpatients with slow processing speed and potential mechanisms of academic impact. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01455-w

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Follow-up logistic regression with ADHD subtypes (n = 743) re-ran the model with ADHD-I and ADHD-C categories. ADHD-I was significant while ADHD-C was not; psychosis (OR = 3.03, p = .007) and ASD (OR = 1.80, p = .009) remained significant.

"youth diagnosed with ADHD-I also showed an elevated risk for slow PS (OR 1.60, [95% CI 1.01 – 2.55], p = .045). The combined subtype of ADHD was not significantly associated with an increased risk for slow PS (OR 1.31, [95% CI 0.85 – 2.03], p = .22)"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Autism Spectrum Disorder — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Inattention is the only psychopathology symptom dimension associated with slow processing speed, and it does not explain the associations with ASD or psychosis — reports the opposite
• Having three or more comorbid psychiatric conditions increases risk for slow processing speed, but a single comorbid condition does not — related
• All diagnostic groups of referred youth, including those without full diagnoses, show processing speed below the population norm — related
• Processing speed is the most impaired Wechsler cognitive domain among youth referred for neuropsychiatric evaluation — related
• The inattentive ADHD subtype has the worst learning ability score among ADHD subtypes — related