Public regard decreased linearly over time while reported discrimination dipped at Time 2 and rose again at Time 3¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2009 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Repeated measures analyses showed no change in centrality or private regard, a linear decrease in public regard, and a dip-then-rise pattern in discrimination reports. → Seaton Eleanor K. 2009
Evidence¶
Seaton Eleanor K. 2009¶
Seaton Eleanor K., Yip Tiffany, Sellers Robert M. (2009). A Longitudinal Examination of Racial Identity and Racial Discrimination Among African American Adolescents. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01268.x
q3 · i? · associational · r2
Repeated measures analyses across the three annual waves (N = 219) of centrality, private regard, public regard and discrimination. Public regard decreased linearly (F(1, 218) = 17.35, p < .01); discrimination decreased at Time 2 then increased at Time 3 (F(1, 218) = 4.22, p < .05). Age effects on all four variables were not significant.
"Results suggested that there were no changes in centrality or private regard over time, however public regard seemed to decrease linearly over time, F (1, 218) = 17.35, p < .01. In addition, racial discrimination seemed to change over time such that reports decreased at Time 2 but increased again at Time 3, F (1, 218) = 4.22, p < .05."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Identity — outcome: instruction changes it
Related Claims¶
- Age moderates the discrimination–private regard relation: discrimination at Time 2 predicts lower private regard at Time 3 among late (17–18) but not middle adolescents — related
- Perceived racial discrimination at Time 1 is negatively linked to public regard at Time 2 among African American adolescents — related
- No cross-lag effects were observed between racial discrimination and private regard in the full sample — related
- U.S. public school closure rates dipped during the pandemic and rebounded to essentially pre-pandemic levels by 2024-25 — related
- Contrary to expectations, agent-led reflection sessions typically ended with participants sounding more certain of their plans than when they started — related
- Perceived discrimination is negatively related to later public regard, and low public regard buffers discrimination's impact on adjustment — related
- No cross-lag effects were observed between racial discrimination and racial centrality over three years — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
public-regard-decreases-discrimination-fluctuates |
title |
Public regard decreased linearly over time while reported discrimination dipped at Time 2 and rose again at Time 3 |
description |
Public regard decreased linearly over time while reported discrimination dipped at Time 2 and rose again at Time 3 |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2009 |
source_checked |
2026-10-20 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — seaton-eleanor-k-2009 |
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