A significant retention x ethnicity x gender interaction indicates the negative effect of retention is strongest for African American and Hispanic girls¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? The overall retention x ethnicity x gender interaction on the dropout-versus-graduation contrast was significant (χ2(2) = 6.94, p = .031), driven by significant effects for Black students relative to White students. → Hughes 2018 q3 i? Among females, Black females were the most negatively affected by early grade retention across the three ethnic groups. → Hughes 2018 (2)

Evidence¶

Hughes 2018¶

Hughes, J. N., West, S. G., Kim, H., & Bauer, S. S. (2018). Effect of Early Grade Retention on School Completion: A Prospective Study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(7), 974-991. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000243

q3 · i? · associational · r3

Moderator analysis of the graduation versus dropout contrast using propensity-score-weighted multinomial logistic regression. The article reports the omnibus three-way interaction as "significant (χ2(2) = 6.94, p = .031)" with the printed follow-up contrasts; no standardised effect size is printed.

"The overall retention x ethnicity x gender interaction was significant (χ2(2) = 6.94, p = .031) with a trend for Hispanics (z = −1.82, p = .07, odds ratio = 0.04) and a significant effect for Blacks (z = −2.88, p = .004, odds ratio = 0.003) relative to Whites."

Hughes 2018 (2)¶

Hughes, J. N., West, S. G., Kim, H., & Bauer, S. S. (2018). Effect of Early Grade Retention on School Completion: A Prospective Study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(7), 974-991. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000243

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Descriptive pattern of the significant three-way interaction reported in the Results moderator section: Hispanic males were less negatively affected than Black and White males, while "Black females were the most negatively affected among females"; descriptive, no test statistic printed for this sentence.

"In contrast, White females were less negatively affected by early grade retention than Hispanic females. Black females were the most negatively affected among females from the three ethnic groups."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Parent education level did not moderate the effect of retention on school completion — related
• The negative effect of retention on dropping out versus graduating is larger for Black students than White students — related
• Graduation rates by age 19 in Chicago varied substantially by race/ethnicity and gender, with African-American boys lowest (39 percent) and Asian girls highest (85 percent) — related
• Early grade retention did not significantly affect the likelihood of earning a GED versus graduating from high school — related