Retrieval P3 discriminates Same from Different trials only in non-ADHD adolescents, indicating a failure of post-selection prioritization in ADHD¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r2 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2020 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 A significant Group x Trial Type interaction on retrieval P3 amplitude: P3 differentiated Same and Different trials in the non-ADHD group but not in the ADHD group. → Ortega 2020 q3 i2 Retrieval P3 amplitude was overall larger for Same than Different trials. → Ortega 2020 (2)

Evidence¶

Ortega 2020¶

Ortega, R., López, V., Carrasco, X., Escobar, M. J., García, A. M., Parra, M. A. & Aboitiz, F. (2020). Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying working memory encoding and retrieval in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Scientific Reports 10:7771. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64678-x

q3 · i2 · causal · r2

Retrieval-period ERP ANOVA in the same EEG study: significant Group x Trial Type interaction, F(1,34)=4.3989, p = 0.04347, η2 = 0.11; post-hoc contrasts showed P3 "differentiated between Same and Different trials in the non-ADHD group" (p = 0.0216) but not in the ADHD group (p = 0.9996).

"A statistically significant interaction between group and Trial type was observed (F(1,34)=4.3989, p = 0.04347, η2 = 0.11). Follow up post-hoc contrasts showed that while P3 amplitude differentiated between Same and Different trials in the non-ADHD group (MSE = 12.724, df = 37.905, p = 0.0216), it was not the case for the ADHD group"

Ortega 2020 (2)¶

Ortega, R., López, V., Carrasco, X., Escobar, M. J., García, A. M., Parra, M. A. & Aboitiz, F. (2020). Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying working memory encoding and retrieval in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Scientific Reports 10:7771. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64678-x

q3 · i2 · causal · r2

Same retrieval ERP ANOVA: main effect of trial type with "larger P3 amplitude in the Same trials compare to the Different ones", F(1,34)=4.9394, p = 0.03301, η2 = 0.13; the main effect of group was not significant.

"There was a significant main effect of trial type, due to larger P3 amplitude in the Same trials compare to the Different ones (F(1,34)=4.9394, p = 0.03301, η2 = 0.13)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Adolescents with ADHD show poorer accuracy than non-ADHD peers on all conditions of a visual short-term memory task, with the largest drop on trials requiring WM updating
• Adolescents with ADHD respond more slowly than non-ADHD peers across all conditions, and color-shape binding slows responses in both groups
• Encoding and retrieval P3 amplitudes are significantly correlated only in non-ADHD adolescents, though the between-group difference in correlations was not statistically discriminative — related
• Encoding P3 amplitude is reduced in ADHD adolescents during visual WM encoding, in both early and late time windows — related
• Visual WM binding of color and shape is intact in ADHD: no group differences behaviorally or electrophysiologically, with Bayesian support for null Group x Condition interactions — reports the opposite
• Selective attention facilitates working memory retrieval, and selecting from WM resembles visual search — related