Adolescents with ADHD show poorer accuracy than non-ADHD peers on all conditions of a visual short-term memory task, with the largest drop on trials requiring WM updating¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r2 · q3 · i2–i3
Currency · newest study 2020 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 ADHD adolescents showed poorer accuracy than non-ADHD adolescents across all task conditions (main effect of group). → Ortega 2020 q3 i2 The Group x Trial Type interaction shows the ADHD accuracy deficit was significantly larger on Different trials (S2 different from S1), i.e., when WM updating was needed. → Ortega 2020 (2)

Evidence¶

Ortega 2020¶

Ortega, R., López, V., Carrasco, X., Escobar, M. J., García, A. M., Parra, M. A. & Aboitiz, F. (2020). Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying working memory encoding and retrieval in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Scientific Reports 10:7771. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64678-x

q3 · i3 · associational · r2

Mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA of accuracy in 18 ADHD and 18 matched non-ADHD adolescents on the visual short-term memory binding task. The article reports "a poorer performance on all conditions" in ADHD, F(1, 34) = 10.047, p = 0.00322, η2 = 0.23.

"Regarding accuracy, the ADHD group showed a poorer performance on all conditions (F(1, 34) = 10.047, p = 0.00322, η2 = 0.23) compared to the non-ADHD group."

Ortega 2020 (2)¶

Ortega, R., López, V., Carrasco, X., Escobar, M. J., García, A. M., Parra, M. A. & Aboitiz, F. (2020). Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying working memory encoding and retrieval in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Scientific Reports 10:7771. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64678-x

q3 · i2 · associational · r2

Same ANOVA on accuracy: the Group x Trial Type interaction was significant, F(1,34) = 5.2559, p = 0.02818, η2 = 0.13, with post-hoc tests showing "a significant drop of performance in the ADHD group during different trials".

"A significant interaction was found between Group and Trail Type (F(1,34) = 5.2559, p = 0.02818, η2 = 0.13). Post-hoc analyses showed a significant drop of performance in the ADHD group during different trials (i.e., S2 different from S1)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Elevated ADHD traits are associated with weaker communicative perspective-taking in adolescents — related
• Working memory accounts for the relation between ADHD traits and communicative perspective-taking — related
• Working memory capacity is significantly smaller in lower-SES than higher-SES adolescents — related
• Retrieval P3 discriminates Same from Different trials only in non-ADHD adolescents, indicating a failure of post-selection prioritization in ADHD
• Adolescents with ADHD respond more slowly than non-ADHD peers across all conditions, and color-shape binding slows responses in both groups — related
• Visual WM binding of color and shape is intact in ADHD: no group differences behaviorally or electrophysiologically, with Bayesian support for null Group x Condition interactions — related
• Encoding P3 amplitude is reduced in ADHD adolescents during visual WM encoding, in both early and late time windows — related