The 23-item SETSES shows acceptable reliability and convergent validity, with partial discriminant validity (mastery experiences not distinct from vicarious information)¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? After removing six low-loading items, the 23-item four-factor SETSES showed acceptable fit and reliability (overall alpha 0.90), and convergent validity was established for each dimension. → Serkan Perkmen 2026 q2 i? Discriminant validity was partially established: mastery experiences were distinct from verbal persuasion (HTMT 0.86) but not from vicarious information (HTMT 0.91). → Serkan Perkmen 2026 (2)

Evidence¶

Serkan Perkmen 2026¶

Serkan Perkmen, Sara Dexter. (2026). From sources of self-efficacy to technology integration intentions: a new social cognitive model. Educational technology research and development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-026-10623-0

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Psychometric analysis of the new SETSES with 144 Turkish preservice teachers; after confirmatory factor analysis removed six items, the 23-item scale showed sub-scale alphas of 0.74–0.84 and "The Cronbach's alpha of the overall scale was found to be 0.90". AVE and CR values supported convergent validity.

"The Cronbach's alpha values for the 23-item scale were found to be 0.80 for mastery experiences, 0.74 for vicarious information, 0.76 for verbal persuasion and 0.84 for the emotional arousal. These values showed that the sub-scales had acceptable levels of reliability. The Cronbach's alpha of the overall scale was found to be 0.90, indicating a high reliability."

Serkan Perkmen 2026 (2)¶

Serkan Perkmen, Sara Dexter. (2026). From sources of self-efficacy to technology integration intentions: a new social cognitive model. Educational technology research and development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-026-10623-0

q2 · i? · associational · r2

HTMT analysis of SETSES sub-scales in the same 144-participant sample showed mastery experiences were "a distinct construct from verbal persuasion but not from vicarious information", so discriminant validity was only partially established.

"The HTMT value between mastery experiences and vicarious experience was found to be 0.91, which was slightly higher than the threshold value of 0.90. However, the HTMT between mastery experiences and verbal persuasion was found to 0.86, which was less than the threshold value of 0.90."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The survey instrument's nine constructs show convergent and discriminant validity in this sample — a broader claim this one bears on
• The GenAI-SRL scale shows satisfactory reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity across its six dimensions — related
• The TQsrl and SQsrl questionnaires are validated instruments measuring SRL sub-processes with emphasis on reflection — related