The survey instrument's nine constructs show convergent and discriminant validity in this sample¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2029: tool and model accuracy changes quickly

Subclaims¶

q2 i? All factor loadings exceeded 0.7 and all Cronbach's alphas exceeded 0.70, supporting convergent validity. → Ahmed A and Sultan A 2026

Evidence¶

Ahmed A and Sultan A 2026¶

Ahmed A and Sultan A (2026) Examining the impact of generative AI on student motivation and engagement: the mediating role of autonomy-support and autonomous motivation in education. Front. Psychol. 17:1852265. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1852265

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Measurement model evaluation of the 38-item, nine-construct questionnaire in the 297-student sample. The article reports all loadings above 0.7, alphas above 0.70 (e.g., perceived autonomy 0.89), CR above 0.70, and AVE above 0.50; HTMT and Fornell–Larcker criteria supported discriminant validity.

"All factor loadings in our study exceeded the recommended threshold of 0.7 (Hair et al., 2010 ), indicating a strong convergent validity."

Discussion¶

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