Simple additions are retrieved with equal accuracy in both languages from grade 10 onward, though still faster in German¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 2 studies · 2 causal r2 · q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2015 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Only seventh graders were less accurate in French than German on simple additions; all other age-groups performed with equal accuracy in both languages. → Van Rinsveld A 2015 q3 i3 Simple additions were performed faster in German than in French overall. → Van Rinsveld A 2015 (2)

Evidence¶

Van Rinsveld A 2015¶

Van Rinsveld A, Brunner M, Landerl K, Schiltz C and Ugen S (2015) The relation between language and arithmetic in bilinguals: insights from different stages of language acquisition. Front. Psychol. 6:265. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00265

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Decomposition of the language × age-group interaction on simple-addition CRs showed only seventh graders less accurate in French (η² = 0.092); other groups showed no difference (all F's < 1).

"It appeared that only the seventh graders were less accurate in French than in German, F(1, 34) = 4. 074; p = 0. 050; η 2 = 0. 092, while all other age-groups performed with equal accuracy in both languages"

Van Rinsveld A 2015 (2)¶

Van Rinsveld A, Brunner M, Landerl K, Schiltz C and Ugen S (2015) The relation between language and arithmetic in bilinguals: insights from different stages of language acquisition. Front. Psychol. 6:265. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00265

q3 · i3 · causal · r2

In the simple-addition ANOVA, the German task-language RT advantage was significant with η² = 0.296, even though accuracy equalized from grade 10 onward.

"Moreover, simple additions were performed faster in German than in French [RT: F(1, 184) = 77. 199; p < 0. 001; η 2 = 0. 296]"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• French base-20 number words for numbers over 70 disproportionately impair addition performance in French — related
• Complex additions are solved faster and more accurately in German than French across all five bilingual proficiency stages — related
• Calculation complexity strongly modulates language, format and age-group effects on bilingual arithmetic — related
• Language effects on complex-addition accuracy are larger in auditory than visual presentation format — related
• Complex additions are more accurate in visual than auditory format, with the auditory deficit shrinking with age — related
• Retrieval use increases with grade, and the small-versus-large difference in retrieval use decreases significantly between fourth and sixth grade only — related