Chatbot-guided feedback SRL improved university students' meta-cognition tendency and self-regulated learning more than conventional SRL¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r1–r2 · q2 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2025 · checked against its sources 2026-10-29 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i2 Posttest meta-cognition tendency differed significantly by learning mode after adjusting for pretest (F = 4.25, p < 0.05, η² = .09). → Yen-Fen Lee 2025 q2 i2 Posttest self-regulated learning differed significantly by learning mode after adjusting for pretest (F = 4.21, p < 0.05, η² = .09). → Yen-Fen Lee 2025 (2)

Evidence¶

Yen-Fen Lee 2025¶

Yen-Fen Lee, Gwo-Jen Hwang, Pei-Ying Chen. (2025). Technology-based interactive guidance to promote learning performance and self-regulation: a chatbot-assisted self-regulated learning approach. Education Tech Research Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-025-10478-x

q2 · i2 · causal · r1

ANCOVA of posttest meta-cognition tendency (Lai & Hwang questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha 0.83) in the two-class quasi-experiment; experimental adjusted mean 3.94 vs control 3.69, "a significant level (F = 4.25, p < 0.05)", η² = .09.

"the variance caused by the group reached a significant level (F = 4.25, p < 0.05), indicating that the scores of the posttest questionnaire on meta-cognition tendency differed significantly depending on the learning mode students adopted."

Yen-Fen Lee 2025 (2)¶

Yen-Fen Lee, Gwo-Jen Hwang, Pei-Ying Chen. (2025). Technology-based interactive guidance to promote learning performance and self-regulation: a chatbot-assisted self-regulated learning approach. Education Tech Research Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-025-10478-x

q2 · i2 · causal · r2

ANCOVA of posttest SRL (Barnard et al. questionnaire, overall Cronbach's alpha 0.92) in the same quasi-experiment; experimental adjusted mean 3.93 vs control 3.73, "a significant level (F = 4.21, p < 0.05)", η² = .09.

"the variance caused by the group reached a significant level (F = 4.21, p < 0.05), indicating that the scores of the posttest questionnaire on SRL differed significantly depending on the learning mode students received."

Discussion¶

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