Most variance in preschoolers' letter-writing skills is due to differences between students rather than between letters¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2014 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Intraclass correlations showed 81% of letter-writing variance for 3-year-olds, 91% for 4-year-olds, and 82% for 5-year-olds was due to differences between students. → Puranik Cynthia S. 2014

Evidence¶

Puranik Cynthia S. 2014¶

Puranik Cynthia S., Petscher Yaacov, Lonigan Christopher J. (2014). Learning to Write Letters: Examination of Student and Letter Factors. Journal of experimental child psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2014.07.009

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Explanatory item response modeling of letter-writing responses from 415 preschoolers, with models estimated separately by age after a chi-square test indicated heterogeneous variance across age groups. The intraclass correlations showed "81% of the variance in letter writing for 3-year-olds" was between students; letter-level variance was 19%, 10%, and 18% respectively.

"The intraclass correlations computed from these coefficients indicated that 81% of the variance in letter writing for 3-year-olds [i.e., 4.58/(4.58 + 1.09)], 91% for 4-year-olds, and 82% for 5-year-olds were due to differences between students."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Vowels were easier for 3- and 4-year-olds to write than CV letters — related
• Preschoolers' writing and writing-related skills increase significantly between ages 3 and 5 on letter, name, and CVC word tasks — related
• Letter-name knowledge strongly predicts correct letter writing, especially for 4- and 5-year-olds — related
• The first letter of the child's name was the only letter-level factor consistently associated with correct letter writing — related
• Classroom membership accounts for 11% of variance in students' perceived competence, justifying multilevel analysis — related