Unproctored exams produce significantly lower cheating rates than teacher-proctored exams in actual course exams without integrity reminders¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · causal r3 · q4
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q4 i? In Study 1, the cheating rate was 7.9% in the unproctored condition vs. 22.7% in the proctored condition, with a significant exam type effect (OR = 3.46). → Li Zhao 2024 q4 i? In Study 2, the cheating rate was 11.5% unproctored vs. 26.3% proctored, with a significant exam type effect (OR = 2.72). → Li Zhao 2024 (2)

Evidence¶

Li Zhao 2024¶

Li Zhao, Junjie Peng, Shiqi Ke, Kang Lee. (2024). Effectiveness of Unproctored vs. Teacher-Proctored Exams in Reducing Students’ Cheating: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Field Experimental Study. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09965-z

q4 · i? · causal · r3

Double-blind randomized field experiment (Study 1, N = 177 second-year psychology students randomly assigned within class sections) using the Fake Question Paradigm in a midterm exam. The logistic regression showed "odds ratio (OR) = 3.46" for the exam type effect on cheating occurrence; cheating rates were 7.9% unproctored vs. 22.7% proctored.

"The exam type effect was significant, β = 1.24, SEβ = 0.47, Wald χ2(df = 1) = 7.00, p = 0.008, odds ratio (OR) = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.38–8.68, BF10 = 3.86."

Li Zhao 2024 (2)¶

Li Zhao, Junjie Peng, Shiqi Ke, Kang Lee. (2024). Effectiveness of Unproctored vs. Teacher-Proctored Exams in Reducing Students’ Cheating: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Field Experimental Study. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09965-z

q4 · i? · causal · r3

Study 2 replicated Study 1 with N = 158 students in Foundations of Education, same double-blind randomized design and Fake Question Paradigm. The exam type effect on cheating rate was significant with "odds ratio (OR) = 2.72"; rates were 11.5% unproctored vs. 26.3% proctored.

"The exam type effect was significant, β = 1.00, SEβ = 0.44, Wald χ2 (df = 1) = 5.23, p = 0.022, odds ratio (OR) = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.16 -6.40, BF10 = 1.32."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Pre-exam academic integrity reminders significantly reduce cheating rates relative to no reminders, equally for both exam formats — related
• Mini-meta-analysis: unproctored exams reduce both cheating rate and cheating extent across four studies, with no significant interactions with gender, course type, or reminders — a broader claim this one bears on
• In Study 3, among students who cheated, cheating extent was lower in unproctored exams, with a gender by exam type interaction driven by male students — related
• Study 4 replicated lower cheating rates in unproctored exams with reminders present, though with anecdotal Bayes evidence — related
• With academic integrity reminders present, the exam-format effect on cheating rate disappears (Study 3 null) — reports the opposite