Younger adolescents (10.6–14.2 years) show lower relational reasoning accuracy when observed by a friend than by an experimenter only in low-relational trials¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2015 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i3 In younger adolescents the social condition effect on accuracy was significant for low-relational trials but not for high-relational trials, driven by lower accuracy with a friend than with the experimenter. → Wolf L.K. 2015

Evidence¶

Wolf L.K. 2015¶

Wolf L.K., Bazargani N., Kilford E.J., Dumontheil I., Blakemore S.-J. (2015). The audience effect in adolescence depends on who's looking over your shoulder. Journal of Adolescence, 43, 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.003

q3 · i3 · causal · r2

Follow-up one-way ANOVAs within the younger adolescent group (n = 24) splitting by task-level. The low-relational social condition effect was significant (ηp2 = 0.17) with friend-versus-experimenter contrast r = 0.63; the friend-versus-alone contrast was marginal (p = 0.061, r = 0.38).

"The effect of social condition in high-relational trials in younger adolescents was not significant (p = 0.106), however there was a significant effect of social condition on low-relational trials (F(2,46) = 4.66, p = 0.014, ηp2= 0.17). This was due to a lower accuracy in the friend-present condition relative to the experimenter-present condition (t(23) = 3.89, p = 0.001, r = 0.63)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Older adolescents (14.9–17.8 years) show lower relational reasoning accuracy when observed by a friend than by an experimenter, across task difficulty levels
• Across all age groups, relational reasoning accuracy is lower in the friend-present condition than in the experimenter-present condition overall
• Being observed by a friend or an experimenter affects relational reasoning accuracy in adolescents but not in adults — a broader claim this one bears on
• The study found no evidence of age differences in relational reasoning performance, possibly due to design choices maximising sensitivity to audience effects — related