Across all age groups, relational reasoning accuracy is lower in the friend-present condition than in the experimenter-present condition overall¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2015 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 The accuracy data showed a main effect of social condition, with participants responding less accurately in the friend-present than the experimenter-present condition overall. → Wolf L.K. 2015

Evidence¶

Wolf L.K. 2015¶

Wolf L.K., Bazargani N., Kilford E.J., Dumontheil I., Blakemore S.-J. (2015). The audience effect in adolescence depends on who's looking over your shoulder. Journal of Adolescence, 43, 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.003

q3 · i2 · causal · r2

Omnibus mixed-design ANOVA on accuracy across all 62 analysed participants. The social condition main effect was significant (ηp2 = 0.06) and the friend-versus-experimenter pairwise contrast reached r = 0.34; the other post-hoc comparisons were not significant (ps > 0.1).

"The accuracy data revealed a main effect of social condition (F(2,118) = 3.49, p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.06) with participants responding less accurately in the friend-present condition than the experimenter-present condition overall (t(61) = 2.78, p = 0.006, r = 0.34)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The study found no evidence of age differences in relational reasoning performance, possibly due to design choices maximising sensitivity to audience effects
• Older adolescents (14.9–17.8 years) show lower relational reasoning accuracy when observed by a friend than by an experimenter, across task difficulty levels
• Younger adolescents (10.6–14.2 years) show lower relational reasoning accuracy when observed by a friend than by an experimenter only in low-relational trials
• Being observed by a friend or an experimenter affects relational reasoning accuracy in adolescents but not in adults — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Older adolescents respond faster when observed by an experimenter than by a friend or when alone, while social condition does not affect younger adolescents' or adults' response times — related
• A peer audience decreases accuracy in the complex relational integration condition in both adolescents and adults — related
• No behavioural Audience × Age group interaction: the accuracy decrement was comparable in adolescents and adults — related