EXMARaLDA-based annotation scheme for negotiation of meaning and negative feedback in CMC data¶

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Evidence · no claims cited

Description¶

The study built a two-tier annotation scheme in EXMARaLDA Partitur Editor to code negotiation work and negative feedback across text and video data. Negotiation routines were annotated "as shown in Table 2" with tags for triggers (TLEX, TSYNT, TCONT), signals (SCR, SCC, SST), responses (RMIN, RSR, RPAR, RSC, RCOMPC) and reactions (REAC), on a speaker-dependent [NOM] tier separate from the verbal data tier [v]. Negative feedback was coded with tags EXCO, QUES, RECA, INC and SELCO (Table 3). EXAKT, EXMARaLDA's analysis and concordancing tool, was then used to count and analyse the tagged data, and the tool's ability to annotate both written and spoken language allowed all three CMC data types to be processed with the same tool.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Video files must be transcribed, time-aligned and annotated; chat logs and discussion board files are imported from text files

Constraints¶

• Videoconferencing sessions first had to be captured with Camstudio screen recording software into avi video files for processing

Target Learners¶

• researchers analysing learner interactions in CMC environments

Target Learning Goals¶

• quantifying negotiation of meaning routines and negative feedback across CMC modes

Affordances¶

• Varonis Gass Four Phase Negotiation Model

Related Elements¶

Examples¶

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Key Sources¶

• Sarré, C. (2011). Computer-mediated negotiated interactions: how is meaning negotiated in discussion boards, text chat and videoconferencing? In S. Thouësny & L. Bradley (Eds.), Second language teaching and learning with technology: views of emergent researchers (pp. 189-210). Dublin: Research-publishing.net. https://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2011.9781908416001