Design XRCL applications by building on fundamental CSCL pedagogy research, viewed through the lens of TICOL¶

Strategy · All strategies
Evidence · 4 claims (3 for, 1 mixed) · 2 studies (1 qualitative, 1 theoretical), q2 · 0 of 2 report an effect size · 4 claims rest on one study

Description¶

The article recommends that designers of XRCL applications ground their pedagogical techniques in the established CSCL literature on scripts, predefined roles, and other techniques shown to enhance social interaction, interpreting that literature through TICOL's factors. The authors state: "We therefore suggest that the design of XRCL applications build on the fundamental research that has been conducted in CSCL, viewed through the lens of TICOL". They also note XR enables novel pedagogical techniques impossible in less immersive media, such as recording, pausing, and re-entering a recorded avatar interaction for reflective generative learning.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Pedagogical techniques such as scripts, role assignment, peer feedback, and representational tools adapted to what the technological features of the XRCL system allow

Constraints¶

• The authors expect CSCL findings to generalize to XRCL but acknowledge this is an expectation; XRCL-specific techniques remain largely untested

Target Learners¶

• distributed learners collaborating through head-mounted displays

Target Learning Goals¶

• productive cognitive and socio-emotional social interaction during collaborative learning

Affordances¶

• Ticol Theory Immersive Collaborative Learning

Claims¶

• Perceived presence and co-presence in a collaborative setting were higher in XRCL than in computer-based collaborations [+W]
• Students characterized their VR experience through a feeling of taking part in conversations, showing co-presence with the people in the film during collaborative reflection [+W]
• A meta-analysis reported a mean effect size advantage of 0.41 for collaborative learning prototypes in immersive versus non-immersive approaches [+W]
• Technological failures such as body crumple, sound intrusion, and embodiment violations inhibited effective communication in social VR [~W]

Related Strategies¶

• Advance the use of structural-configurational methods such as SNA and ENA toward empirically testable models

Examples¶

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Key Sources¶

• Guido Makransky · Gustav Bøg Petersen. (2023). The Theory of Immersive Collaborative Learning (TICOL). Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09822-5