Distinguishing computing, computer science, computational thinking, and programming¶

Theory · All theories
Evidence · no claims cited

Description¶

The guide's primer distinguishes four related terms to demystify computational thinking for educators. Programming is developing and debugging instructions a computer executes; computer science is the study of computers and algorithmic processes; computational thinking is a problem-solving approach drawing on computer science concepts; and computing is any activity leveraging computational methods. The guide quotes Wing's definition that computational thinking is "a way of solving problems, designing systems, and understanding human behavior that draws on concepts fundamental to computer science… a fundamental skill for everyone, not just computer scientists."

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Educators need shared definitions because many find the term computational thinking mystifying and existing definitions offer insufficient guidance for classroom implementation

Constraints¶

Target Learners¶

• K-12 educators learning about computational thinking

Target Learning Objectives¶

• Understanding the relationships among computer science, computational thinking, programming, and computing

Claims¶

Related Theories¶

• Three-circle framework for computational thinking integration: skills, practices, and inclusive pedagogies
• Tools, Themes, and Competencies framework for organizing a CT/CS pathway
• 4P4CT framework: four learner-centered pedagogies for teaching computational thinking across all subjects
• Three powerful ways of using computers that integrate with academic subject matter: data work, automation, and modeling systems

Examples¶

• Integrate computational thinking into existing disciplinary teaching across grade bands rather than adding it on
• Design early learning (K-3) CT opportunities both plugged and unplugged, with devices leveraged where appropriate

Key Sources¶

• Mills, K., Coenraad, M., Ruiz, P., Burke, Q., & Weisgrau J. (2021, December). Computational thinking for an inclusive world: A resource for educators to learn and lead, Quick start and discussion guide. Digital Promise. https://doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/140