Reading fluency consists of three components: accuracy, automaticity, and prosody¶

Theory · All theories
Evidence · 1 claim (1 for) · 1 study (1 review), q2 · 0 of 1 report an effect size · 1 claim rests on one study

Description¶

The review defines reading fluency as the ability to read aloud a text accurately and with natural speed, built from three components. Accuracy is precise word recognition, automaticity is recognizing and decoding words easily, and prosody is reading smoothly with expression and intonation. The article states that "fluency is thought to consist of 3 main components of accuracy, automaticity and prosody", and that describing these elements is essential to understanding how fluency should be addressed.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Fluent readers must be able to identify words accurately and spontaneously, which requires learning alphabets, letters and sounds, including sight words

Constraints¶

• No valid method has been created to measure students' prosody, although reliable measures exist for accuracy and automaticity

Target Learners¶

• EFL and L2 learners developing reading fluency

Target Learning Objectives¶

• Oral reading fluency: word recognition accuracy, automaticity, and prosody

Claims¶

• Repeated listening improves oral reading fluency in second-grade students, with Listening Only outgaining Reading While Listening and Reading Only [+W]

Related Theories¶

• Behaviorism frames reading fluency instruction as sub-skill training with response and feedback

Examples¶

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Key Sources¶

• Salarvand, L., Guimaraes, N., & Balagholi, Z. (2022). Instructional Strategies' Impacts on EFL Learners Reading Fluency: A Review. THAITESOL JOURNAL, 35(1), 77-90. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1340892