Vocabulary engagement measured by app logs varies mostly within students across days¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? About 88% of the variance in daily vocabulary engagement occurred at the within-student level, more than for any self-report measure. → Breitwieser 2026

Evidence¶

Breitwieser 2026¶

Breitwieser, J., Brod, G., & Malmberg, L.-E. (2026). Testing a three-phase model of the relationship between motivational appraisals, observable engagement, and subjective engagement: Insights from combining mobile learning data and daily diaries. Journal of Educational Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0001009

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Descriptive analysis of log data and daily diaries from 189 fifth graders over up to 32 days. The ICC for vocabulary engagement was .12, with the article reporting "the greatest proportion of variability within students (88%)"; self-reports showed 34–61% within-student variance.

"For satisfaction and task delay, a larger proportion of the variance was at the within-student level (61%). Vocabulary engagement showed the greatest proportion of variability within students (88%)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Most variance in students' epistemic emotions was situational (within-person) fluctuation, with 18–37% due to between-person variability. — related
• Lower secondary students' situation-specific engagement varies most strongly between lessons within students, with smaller between-student variation — related
• Within-person correlations between log-based vocabulary engagement and appraisals and subjective engagement are positive but very small — related
• Between-person value is weakly linked to app engagement, with no significant between-person links to subjective engagement measures — related
• The three-phase model received partial support with weak self-report–behaviour correspondence in fifth graders' mobile vocabulary learning — related