Within-person correlations between log-based vocabulary engagement and appraisals and subjective engagement are positive but very small¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r1 · q2 · i0 negligible
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i0 On days when students reported higher-than-usual expectancy or value they studied slightly more vocabulary items (r = .05), and on higher-engagement days they reported slightly more satisfaction (r = .07) and less task delay (r = -.07); cost was unrelated. → Breitwieser 2026

Evidence¶

Breitwieser 2026¶

Breitwieser, J., Brod, G., & Malmberg, L.-E. (2026). Testing a three-phase model of the relationship between motivational appraisals, observable engagement, and subjective engagement: Insights from combining mobile learning data and daily diaries. Journal of Educational Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0001009

q2 · i0 · associational · r1

Pooled within-person correlations from 3,149 data points of 189 participants, computed on person-centred deviation scores. Engagement correlated with expectancy "(r = .05, p < .05)" and value, not cost; satisfaction r = .07 and task delay r = -.07 were also significant but rather small.

"At the within-person level, vocabulary engagement was positively correlated with expectancy (r = .05, p < .05) and value (r = .05, p < .05), but not with cost (r = -.01, n.s.)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Motivation — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Vocabulary engagement measured by app logs varies mostly within students across days — related
• Between-person value is weakly linked to app engagement, with no significant between-person links to subjective engagement measures — related
• The three-phase model received partial support with weak self-report–behaviour correspondence in fifth graders' mobile vocabulary learning — a broader claim this one bears on