The three-phase model received partial support with weak self-report–behaviour correspondence in fifth graders' mobile vocabulary learning¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? The authors interpret their findings as only partially supporting the model: appraisals related to observable engagement, which related to satisfaction and task delay but not perceived effort, and self-report–behaviour associations were generally weak. → Breitwieser 2026

Evidence¶

Breitwieser 2026¶

Breitwieser, J., Brod, G., & Malmberg, L.-E. (2026). Testing a three-phase model of the relationship between motivational appraisals, observable engagement, and subjective engagement: Insights from combining mobile learning data and daily diaries. Journal of Educational Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0001009

q2 · i? · associational · r2

The authors' summary interpretation of the intensive longitudinal study of 189 fifth graders combining app log data with daily diaries; the detailed mediation results are reported beyond the provided text excerpt, so this entry records their stated conclusion without printed statistics.

"In partial support of the model, expectancy and value appraisals explained unique variance in observable engagement, which in turn explained day-to-day variation in reported satisfaction and task delay. However, perceived effort was not related to observable engagement, and the associations between self-reports and observable engagement were generally rather weak."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Between-person value is weakly linked to app engagement, with no significant between-person links to subjective engagement measures — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Vocabulary engagement measured by app logs varies mostly within students across days — related
• Subjective task value and cost emerge as two distinct factors in daily motivational appraisals of vocabulary learning — related
• Within-person correlations between log-based vocabulary engagement and appraisals and subjective engagement are positive but very small — a narrower finding that bears on this claim